Medications that have been used for the treatment of acute exacerbation of schizophrenia should be studied in amphetamine psychotic patients. The risks and benefits of giving an antipsychotic injection should be further investigated in amphetamine psychotic patients. Whether this limited evidence can be applied for amphetamine psychotic patients is not yet known. The results of two studies in amphetamine users show that agitation and some psychotic symptoms may be abated within an hour after antipsychotic injection. To our knowledge, no controlled trials of treatment for amphetamine psychosis have been carried out. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The evidence about the treatment for amphetamine psychosis is very limited. MAIN RESULTS: The comprehensive searches found no controlled trials of treatment for amphetamine psychosis meeting the criteria for considering studies. The Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) with 95% CI was used to assess the continuous data. The Relative Risk (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to assess the dichotomous data. The dichotomous data were extracted on an intention-to-treat basis in which the dropouts were assigned as participants with the worst outcomes. A variety of outcomes, for example, number of treatment responders, score changes, were considered.ĭATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers evaluated and extracted the data independently. Any kinds of biological and psychological treatments both alone and combined were examined. Participants were people with amphetamine psychosis, diagnosed by any set of criteria. SELECTION CRITERIA: All relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical trials (CCTs) were included. References to the articles obtained by any means were searched. SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic searches of MEDLINE (1966-2000), EMBASE (1980-2000), CINAHL (1982- January 2001) and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library 2000 issue 4) were undertaken. OBJECTIVES: To search and determine risks, benefits, and costs of a variety treatments for amphetamine psychosis. It has long been believed that dopamine antagonists, such as chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and thioridazine, are effective for the treatment of amphetamine psychosis. The use of antipsychotic medications effectively resolves symptoms of acute amphetamine-induced psychosis.BACKGROUND: During the phase of chronic, high-dose consumption of amphetamines, many amphetamine users may have the experience of paranoia and hallucination. Abnormal brain function in regions such as the prefrontal and temporal cortices, and changes in white matter tissue integrity and/or organization also was reported in patients with amphetamine psychosis. Sensitization phenomena may play an important role in inducing psychosis in chronic amphetamine users.
The dopamine model of psychosis is one of the best models to explain how amphetamine may produce psychotic symptoms. According to the stress vulnerability model, amphetamine use in individuals with a preexisting risk may develop psychosis. There are common neuropathological and genetic factors between amphetamine-induced and primary psychosis. Amphetamine-induced psychosis is a state of amphetamine intoxication with psychotic symptoms, commonly presented with delusions and hallucinations. Due to its highly addictive nature and its ability to produce psychotic symptoms, amphetamine is a major public health concern.
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